Sources

Annotated Bibliography

 

Source #1

Bibliographic information	Keiichi, Tsuneishi. "Unit 731 and the Japanese Imperial Army’s Biological Warfare Program." Asia-Pacific Journal 3.11 (2005): 1-8. SMU Online Resources. Web. 19 Jan. 2017.
Content/theme(s)	Unit 731 and the Japanese Imperial Army's Biological Warfare Program
Author’s authority	Tsuneishi Keiichi is a Kanagawa University professor specializing in the history of science, and Japan’s leading specialist on biological warfare and Unit 731
Purpose	Provide general  information on Unit 731 and its history
Usefulness	Source was useful in that it provided information on Unit 731 and its aftermath. It’s an account by a leading researcher on the subject and provides a primary source in the way of a chart of deaths related to Unit 731 up to July 1943. It provides other possible sources for resources and is informative as I try to find the findings and usefulness of Japanese Unit 731.

Source #2

Bibliographic information	Baader, Gerhard, Susan E. Lederer, Morris Low, Florian Schmaltz, and Alexander V. Schwerin. "Pathways to Human Experimentation, 1933-1945: Germany, Japan, and the United States." Osiris 20 (2005): 205-31. SMU Online Resources. Web. 19 Jan. 2017.
Content/theme(s)	Human Experimentation in Germany, Japan, and the United States 1933-1945
Author’s authority	PhD, research assistant at Max Planck Institute for the History of Science in Berlin,  & has a discipline in History
Purpose	Provide information on human experimentation during World War II and how the scientists were led to it
Usefulness	Source was useful in that it provides information on how and why human experimentation was performed during WWII and their effects.

Source #3

Bibliographic information	Seidelman, William E. "Mengele Medicus: Medicine's Nazi Heritage." The Milbank Quarterly 66.2 (1988): 221. SMU Online Resources. Web. 19 Jan. 2017.
Content/theme(s)	The effects on modern medical practice by Nazi Human Experimentation in the 1930s and 1940s
Author’s authority	Professor in Medicine at McMaster University in Canada
Purpose	Provide information on how the Nazi medical experiments effected contemporary medical practice. Provides other possible sources of information
Usefulness	Offers a look on how Mengele and others human experimentation effected contemporary medical practice.

Source #4

Bibliographic information	Thomas, S. B., and S. C. Quinn. "The Tuskegee Syphilis Study, 1932 to 1972: Implications for HIV Education and AIDS Risk Education Programs in the Black Community." American Journal of Public Health 81.11 (1991): 1498-505. SMU Online Resources. Web. 19 Jan. 2017.
Content/theme(s)	The Tuskegee Syphilis Study and its continuing effects
Author’s authority	S. B. Thomas is one of the nation's leading scholars in the effort to eliminate racial and ethnic health disparities & received numerous awards and for his professional accomplishments. Sandra Crouse Quinn is Principal Investigator (with Dr. Stephen Thomas) on the Center of Excellence in Race, Ethnicity and Health Disparities Research
Purpose	Inform about the Tuskegee Syphilis Study and how it came to be
Usefulness	Provides information on the Tuskegee Syphilis Study. Provides other possible resources for research, and contains primary source material of newspaper articles and photographs.

Source #5

Bibliographic information	Brandt, Allan M. "Racism and Research: The Case of the Tuskegee Syphilis Study." The Hastings Center Report 8.6 (1978): 21. SMU Online Resources. Web. 19 Jan. 2017.
Content/theme(s)	Background info, overview, and effects of the Tuskegee Syphilis Study
Author’s authority	Historian of medicine and the Amalie Kass Professor of History of Medicine and Professor of the History of Science at Harvard University. Nominated for Pulitzer Prize for general Non-Fiction
Purpose	Provide information on the Tuskegee Syphilis Study and its effects.
Usefulness	Useful in that it provides information on the Syphilis Study and its impact. Offers multiple other resources for possible research

Source #6

Bibliographic information	Keiichi, Tsuneishi. "New Facts about US Payoff to Japan's Biological Warfare Unit 731." Trans. James Orr. The Asia-Pacific Journal Japan Focus 4.8 (2006): 1-4. Google Scholar. Web. 26 Feb. 2017.
Content/theme(s)	Manipulation of data found from the Unit 731 human experiments in Japan
Author’s authority	Tsuneishi Keiichi is a Kanagawa University professor specializing in the history of science, and Japan’s leading specialist on biological warfare and Unit 731
Purpose	Provide information on the effects of Unit 731 and the data collected from their experiments
Usefulness	Contains information on the effects of Unit 731 after World War 2

Source #7

Bibliographic information	Nie, Jing Bao., Nanyan Guo, and Mark Selden. Japan's Wartime Medical Atrocities: Comparative Inquiries in Science, History, and Ethics. Florence: Taylor and Francis, 2013. Print.
Content/theme(s)	Japanese Unit 731 and post-war trials
Author’s authority	Jing-Bao Nie is an Associate Professor at the Bioethics Centre of the University of Otago in New Zealand. Nanyan Guois associate professor at the International Research Center for Japanese Studies in Kyoto, Japan. Mark Seldon is a Senior Research Associate in the East Asia Program at Cornell University, and Bartle Professor of History and Sociology at Binghamton University
Purpose	Provide information on Unit 731 and the ensuing war trials
Usefulness	Source has information on the trials following the experiments of Unit 731 and describes how they affected the public

Source #8

Bibliographic information	Reverby, Susan M. Tuskegee's truths: rethinking the Tuskegee syphilis study. Chapel Hill: U of North Carolina Press, 2001. Print.
Content/theme(s)	Overview, background, documentation, and results of the Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment
Author’s authority	Marion Butler McLean Professor in the History of Ideas; Professor of Women’s and Gender Studies. Historian of American health care, women, race, and public health with a focus is on equality and ethics
Purpose	To explain the causes and effects of the Syphilis experiment and how they impacted the lives of those involved
Usefulness	Provides information on the effects of the experiment rather than just an overview of what occurred. This is useful because little information is provided on the effects of the study and its results in other sources.

Source #9

Bibliographic information	Roelcke, Volker. "Nazi medicine and research on human beings." The Lancet Medicine, Crime, and Punishment 364 (2004): 6-7. Google Scholar. Web. 1 Mar. 2017.
Content/theme(s)	Medical experimentation on human by Nazis during the Second World War
Author’s authority	Professor of History of psychiatry in the 19th and 20th century and Anthropology in Medicine at the Institute for the History of Medicine, University of Giessen, Germany
Purpose	To provide information on the scientific experiments performed by Nazi medical researchers during World War 2
Usefulness	Provides further information on the Nazi human experimentation during WW2 with information on the scientific morality of those experiments

Source #10

Bibliographic information	Weindling, Paul. Nazi Medicine and the Nuremberg Trials: From Medical War Crimes to Informed Consent. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008. Print.
Content/theme(s)	The Nuremberg Trials and their effects
Author’s authority	Professor Paul Weindling is Wellcome Trust Research Professor in the History of Medicine at Oxford Brookes University, UK. His research covers evolution and society, public health, and human experimentation post-1800
Purpose	Provide information on the Nuremberg Trials and their aftermath
Usefulness	Source gives information about the Nuremberg trials which happened because of the human experimentation done by Nazi Germany and resulted in better laws being put in place for future medical experiments

1. Source #11

Bibliographic information	Gomel, Elana. "From Dr. Moreau to Dr. Mengele: The Biological Sublime." Poetics Today 21.2 (2000): 393-421. Google Scholar Database. Web. 19 Jan. 2017.
Content/theme(s)	The idea that Mengele and the Nazi human experimentation was based on an idea of the Ubermensch, and the effects of the experimentation
Author’s authority	Ph.D in the Humanities and numerous publications on the horror of man during wartime
Purpose	The image of “Doctor Death” and its impact on Nazi science, Including how it lead to the experiments performed by Josef Mengele
Usefulness	Contains background information on the experiments performed on human subjects in Nazi Germany during World War 2

2. Source #12

Bibliographic information	Jones, James H. Bad blood: the Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment. New York: Free Press, 1993. Print.
Content/theme(s)	The Tuskegee Syphilis Study and its impact on those involved along with the lingering affects of the study
Author’s authority	Written numerous books on America’s history and won a pulitzer prize for biography and autobiography.
Purpose	Inform of the Syphilis study and how it affected those involved and how and why the scientists were allowed to conduct their research
Usefulness	Contains information on the study and its lingering consequences. An account of the experiment conducted by the U.S. Public Health Service on how medical treatment was withheld from Black sharecroppers infected with syphilis

3. Source #13

Bibliographic information	Gold, Hal. Unit 731 Testimony: Japan's wartime human experimentation program. Boston: Tuttle Publ., 2003. Print.
Content/theme(s)	The atrocities committed by scientists in Unit 731 during World War 2
Author’s authority	30-year resident of Japan and published author on other books about Unit 731 and books in Japanese about modern culture. Compiled the information in Unit 731 from information provided by the Central Organizing Committee for the Unit 731 Exhibitions in Tokyo, 1994—1995
Purpose	Inform of the experiments of Unit 731 and how they were dealt with
Usefulness	Includes information gathered from actual Japanese documents and records

4. Source #14

Bibliographic information	Annas, George J., and Michael A. Grodin. The Nazi doctors and the Nuremberg Code: human rights in human experimentation. 1st ed. New York, NY: Oxford U Press, 1995. Print.
Content/theme(s)	The Nuremberg Code and Nazi human experimentation war crimes
Author’s authority	Professor and Director of the Center for Health Law, Ethics & Human Rights at the Boston University School of Public Health, School of Medicine, and School of Law. He is a widely published national expert in the field of health law, bioethics, and human rights.
Purpose	Inform of the history and significance of the Nuremberg Code and why it was brought about
Usefulness	Sheds light on atrocities of Nazi physicians and explains the use of the Nuremberg code at its creation and its use today

5. Source #15

Bibliographic information	Sidell, Frederick R., Ernest T. Takafuji, and David R. Franz. Medical aspects of chemical and biological warfare. Washington, D.C.: Borden Institute, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, 1997. Print.
Content/theme(s)	Historical Overview of the use of biological warfare in World War 2 leading up to the present
Author’s authority	Frederick Sidell M.D is the Chemical Casualty Consultant for this book and has written other books on the crimes of World War 2
Purpose	Inform of the history of biological warfare and how its use in World War 2 changed warfare forever
Usefulness	Is written by the US Army and includes many other sources for research on biological warfare